ECG case
A 49-year-old man presents to the emergency department with fatigue and palpitations over the last 24 hours.
His family states that he has also been drowsy and fatigued for the past 2-3 days. They state that, when he is awake, he appears to be somewhat confused. The patient denies having a fever or chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, or abdominal pain. He does not have a headache and has not vomited or had diarrhea.
His medical history includes chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis, chronic renal failure, and hypertension. His current medications are lamivudine, nadolol, lactulose, and spironolactone.
On physical examination, the patient is awake but somnolent. His temperature is 98.2°F, his heart rate is 96 bpm, and his blood pressure is 114/72 mm Hg. His oxygen saturation is 94% on room air. Findings on pulmonary and cardiac examination are unremarkable, but his abdomen is slightly distended. Trace peripheral edema is observed. Findings on neurologic examination are nonfocal. The patient does not know the date, though he can state his name and knows that he is in an emergency department.
The patient is attached to a cardiac monitor and given oxygen. A full set of laboratory investigations and 12-lead ECG are ordered (see Image 1). Soon after the initial ECG is obtained, the nurse calls you into the room to examine the patient, who has become diaphoretic. His heart rate is now about 40 bpm. He appears ashen and uncomfortable. Repeat ECG is performed (see Image 2).
What finding on the repeat ECG indicates the need for immediate therapy?
Tag me for the answer.
Athletes and drugs
The French sports daily newspaper "L'Equipe" ran reports suggesting that Lance Armstrong took performance enhancing drugs during his first Tour de France win.Now, Armstrong happens to be one of the most legendary athletes ever. Battling testicular cancer and coming back to win the Tour de France for a record 7 times.The tests were done with samples taken during that year. During that time, EPO could not be detected but they kept the samples to conduct experiments to devise a way to detect that performance enhancing substance (EPO). The samples were not labeled with names but with serial numbers. And some how the newspaper reported that they have credible proof that the tainted sample belonged to Armstrong.Armstrong wrote on his website. "I will simply restate what I have said many times: I have never taken performance-enhancing drugs."I believe Armstrong. No test is perfect. I'm sure there's always some degree of inaccuracy. Now instead of jumping to such conclusions, the lab should be absolutely certain. Anyway since the samples were not labeled properly and the fact the samples were taken 6-7 years ago, man-made errors are bound to be present. This sounds like French sour grapes, attacking the American who has dominated the French event for years.Drug allegations are very serious, especially for athletes. It's almost like a litigation of malpractice for a doctor. Both are career breaking allegations. No test is perfect, there's bound to be errors. How can labs ensure that the margin of error is minimal?It's easy to say the test is positive, but without considering the possibility of lab error, the damage to the athlete is huge. Just take Marion Jones for example. She's been hit by drug allegations but never tested positive before. Now her career has taken a serious blow.So I believe Armstrong. I believe in the integrity of a man who has managed to show the world that determination can create miracles."To all the cynics, I'm sorry for you. I'm sorry you can't believe in miracles." -Lance Armstrong-
Hydration
I've been jogging for 3 years. I started in year 2 med sch for health reasons. At that time, after being disrupted from army, I rejoiced in the decadent lifestyle of eating and sleeping as and when I wanted. Weight gain was inevitable, especially since I think I am quite endomorphic.Jogging presented a cheap, accessible and easy to pick-up way to lose the flab. I got addicted and things have gone on from there.Now, 2 half marathons and several shorter races later, I have embraced jogging as my primary activity of keeping my cardiovascular fitness up.Prior to this point, I was never a believer of hydration during a run. Let me clarify that point. I never saw the need for me to hydrate myself during my training runs. Of course I would drink during marathons and long distance races. I couldn't possibly last 3 hours without replenishing the water I lost through sweat, respiration and other sources. But I've never saw the need to drink during my training runs that last about an hour. I believed that one can always drink AFTER the run. Besides drinking during runs may bring on stitches and also break the concentration.But one fine day, I brought along my small 350ml evian water bottle for a run. I'm not sure why I did it. Maybe the weather was hot, or maybe I was feeling very thirsty that day. I took sips along the run and somehow the run seem much more comfortable than usual.That did put the thought of drinking during runs in my head but I was still convinced I could run without hydrating, becasue the hassle of carrying a bottle in my hand is simply too much.Then came the runs in the hot morning sun. I could feel myself melting, my energy sapping away rapidly. Is it because of the dehydration? I took along a water bottle the next time, and the run had seem easier.Okay, so intermittent hydration may prolong my energy levels but carrying a water bottle will simply waste more energy unless I'm wearing it.So here comes this beauty. Looks good, doesn't it? I hope this doesn't bounce around like those horrible waist pouches. From the picture it seems like a snug fit. It's also less restraining on the upper body, unlike the camel hydration packs. I still remember that I used it once for a run and the rough seams ruined my adidas singlet.
Haven't seen this hydration packs around. Maybe I should search the Nike shops more thoroughly.
This may help me push my running to a new level or it may simply be another white elephant. Guess I won't know until I try it out.
Duh...
I was at the NUSS Guild house off Adam road today having dinner when I saw the weirdest toilet layout.The toilet bowl was not separated from the urinals by any wall or partition. That means if you were taking a crap, anybody could walk in and see you.
I wonder how anyone can survive the embarrassment. I'll probably cover my face with toilet paper.
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Anyway I've fully recovered. Finally I can get back to studying full steam. It's near impossible to study with a runny nose, I keep trying to stop mucus from wetting my expensive textbooks.
1 and a half weeks to go. Keeping plugging.